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Updated: Aug 25, 2025
Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
Published on: November 11, 2013
Bio-Waste-Derived Hard Carbon Anodes Through a Sustainable and Cost-Effective Synthesis Process for Sodium-Ion
Hyein Moon1,2, Alessandro Innocenti1,2, Huiting Liu3
1Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
Abstract:
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are postulated as sustainable energy storage devices for light electromobility and stationary applications. The anode of choice in SIBs is hard carbon (HC) due to its electrochemical performance. Among different HC precursors, bio-waste resources have attracted significant attention due to their low-cost, abundance, and sustainability. Many bio-waste materials have been used as HC precursors, but they often require strong acids/bases for pre-/post-treatment for HC development. Here, the morphology, microstructure, and electrochemical performance of HCs synthesized from hazelnut shells subjected to different pre-treatments (i. e., no pre-treatment, acid treatment, and water washing) were compared. The impact on the electrochemical performance of sodium-ion cells and the cost-effectiveness were also investigated. The results revealed that hazelnut shell-derived HCs produced via simple water washing outperformed those obtained via other processing methods in terms of electrochemical performance and cost-ecological effectiveness of a sodium-ion battery pack.
