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Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics
Published on: December 14, 2011
Relevance of sex-differenced analyses in bioenergetics and nutritional studies
Glòria Garrabou1,2, Francesc Josep García-García1,2, Rosa Elvira Presmanes1
1Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract:
Sex-biased analyses still remain as one of the biggest limitations to obtain universal conclusions. In biomedicine, the majority of experimental analyses and a significant amount of patient-derived cohort studies exclusively included males. In nutritional and molecular medicine, sex-influence is also frequently underrated, even considering maternal-inherited organelles such as mitochondria. We herein illustrate with in-house original data examples of how sex influences mitochondrial homeostasis, review these topics and highlight the consequences of biasing scientific analyses excluding females as differentiated entities from males.
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