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Efficacy of school-based intervention programs in reducing overweight: A randomized trial.

Santo Marsigliante¹, Vito Ciardo¹, Antonio Di Maglie²

¹Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.

Frontiers in Nutrition

|October 17, 2022

Summary

A 6-month school-based educational program effectively improved children's eating habits and reduced childhood obesity rates. This intervention demonstrated significant improvements in body mass index and waist circumference, particularly in girls.

Keywords:

BMI children obesity overweight school-based intervention waist circumference

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Pediatrics
Nutrition Science

Background:

Childhood obesity is a significant public health concern requiring effective interventions.
School settings offer a viable environment for implementing health promotion strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a 6-month educational intervention aimed at improving lifestyle, nutrient intake, and diet quality in primary school children.
To assess the intervention's impact on children's knowledge and behavior regarding healthy eating habits.

Main Methods:

A randomized controlled trial involving 397 primary school children (200 intervention, 197 control).
The intervention focused on lifestyle, nutrient adequacy, and diet quality over six months.
Measurements included body mass index (BMI), weight status, and waist circumference.

Main Results:

The intervention group showed a significant decrease in mean BMI (-2.7 ± 0.5 kg/m²), contrasting with the control group's increase (3.41 ± 0.8 kg/m²).
Significant shifts in weight categories (overweight, underweight, normal, obese) were observed post-intervention (p < 0.05).
Girls experienced the most significant benefits, with no cases of obesity post-intervention. Waist circumference also decreased significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

School-based educational programs are effective strategies for preventing and managing childhood overweight and obesity.
The intervention successfully promoted healthy eating habits among participating children.
Targeted interventions in schools can lead to measurable improvements in children's health indicators.