Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

3.0K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
3.0K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

6.3K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Body Mass Index is Associated With Direction-Specific Increases in With-the-Rule Corneal and Refractive Astigmatism in Schoolchildren.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2026
Same author

Low concentration atropine eye drops and progression of myopia in children: multicentre placebo controlled, double masked, randomised trial in the UK (CHAMP-UK).

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2026
Same author

Low-concentration atropine for management of myopia progression: does iris colour matter?

Eye (London, England)·2026
Same author

Global Patterns of Myopia, Age, Sex, and Vision Loss: A Comparative Analysis of US and South Korean National Surveys.

Ophthalmology science·2026
Same author

Letter to the Editor: The limitations of centile curves for evaluating myopic eye growth.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same author

MyopiaX-1 Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Approach to Slow Juvenile Myopia Progression: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Ophthalmology science·2025
Same journal

Split-Spectrum Amplitude-Decorrelation Optoretinography Detects Impaired Photoreceptor Function in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Ophthalmology science·2026
Same journal

Genome-Wide Association Study for Glucocorticoid-Induced Ocular Hypertension.

Ophthalmology science·2026
Same journal

Assessing Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy-Related OCT Features in the TENAYA and LUCERNE Trials.

Ophthalmology science·2026
Same journal

Quantitative Analysis of Choroidal Thickness and Blood Flow in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Using Ultra-Widefield Swept-Source OCT Angiography.

Ophthalmology science·2026
Same journal

Epiretinal Membrane Is Associated with Acquired Vitelliform Lesion Morphometrics in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Ophthalmology science·2026
Same journal

Multisource Machine Learning Model for Detecting Referral-Warranted Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Ophthalmology science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

2.7K

The Refractive Error and Vision Impairment Estimation with Spectacle Data Study.

Michael Moore1, James Loughman1, John S Butler1,2

  • 1Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Ophthalmology Science
|October 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spectacle lens sales data can estimate refractive error distribution and vision impairment risk. Pooling industry data offers a cost-effective way to monitor global refractive error trends.

Keywords:
AstigmatismBig dataD, diopterEpidemiologyGHS, Gutenberg Health StudyHyperopiaMyopiaRefractive errorSE, spherical equivalentSV, single-visionVision impairment

More Related Videos

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

956
Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity
05:46

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity

Published on: September 20, 2024

507

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

2.7K
Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

956
Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity
05:46

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity

Published on: September 20, 2024

507

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Refractive error is a major cause of vision impairment worldwide.
  • Accurate population-level data on refractive error distribution is crucial for public health planning.
  • Estimating refractive error prevalence often relies on population-based surveys, which can be resource-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the utility of spectacle lens sales data for estimating the population distribution of refractive error.
  • To determine if spectacle lens data can be used to estimate current and future risks of vision impairment.
  • To compare spectacle lens sales data with population-based survey data.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study utilizing 141,547,436 anonymized spectacle lens sales records from a European manufacturer (1998-2016).
  • Comparison with digitized data from the Gutenberg Health Survey, a representative population sample.
  • Bootstrap analysis to assess dataset comparability and calculation of vision impairment risk from myopia at age 75.

Main Results:

  • Spectacle lens sales data provide equivalent estimates of spherical equivalent refraction distribution within specific diopter limits (-2.0D for myopia, +3.0D for hyperopia).
  • Estimated rates of vision impairment from myopia did not differ significantly between the spectacle lens and survey datasets.
  • The study demonstrates comparability between industry sales data and population survey data for refractive error.

Conclusions:

  • Spectacle lens sales data can effectively determine refractive error distribution and associated vision impairment risks.
  • Aggregating spectacle lens sales data from multiple industry sources can create a cost-effective, timely, and globally representative monitoring system.
  • This approach facilitates monitoring of evolving epidemiologic features of refractive error and vision impairment worldwide.