Myeloid sarcoma with ulnar nerve entrapment: A case report

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Neurology
• Pathology

Background:

• Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor typically affecting the skin and lymph nodes.
• MS invasion of peripheral nerves, such as the brachial plexus, is exceptionally uncommon.

Observation:

• A 46-year-old male with a history of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia presented with ulnar nerve entrapment symptoms.
• Magnetic resonance imaging revealed brachial plexus abnormalities consistent with nerve entrapment.
• Surgical intervention for nerve decompression uncovered myeloid sarcoma as the underlying cause.

Findings:

• Pathological biopsy confirmed myeloid sarcoma invading the brachial plexus, leading to ulnar nerve entrapment.
• The patient experienced significant relief from neurological symptoms post-surgery.
• This case represents the first report of successful surgical management for ulnar nerve entrapment due to MS.

Implications:

• Highlights the rare possibility of extramedullary myeloid sarcoma presenting as peripheral nerve entrapment.
• Informs hand surgeons about this unusual manifestation of MS.
• Emphasizes the importance of considering MS in cases of unexplained nerve entrapment, especially in patients with a history of leukemia.