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COVID-19-related anxieties do not decrease support for liberal democracy.

Veronica Anghel^1,2, Julia Schulte-Cloos³

¹Department for Social and Political Science European University Institute Italy.

European Journal of Political Research

|October 17, 2022

Summary

COVID-19 fears heightened anxiety but did not increase support for illiberal attitudes or discriminatory policies in Hungary and Romania. The study examined long-term impacts of pandemic-related fear on democratic norms.

Keywords:

COVID‐19 Eastern Europe anxiety autocratization political attitudes

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Area of Science:

Political Science
Social Psychology
Public Health

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic induced widespread fear, potentially impacting democratic norms.
Initial research indicated a rise in exclusionary attitudes and support for discriminatory policies.
Long-term consequences of COVID-19 anxieties on commitment to liberal democratic norms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the long-term effects of COVID-19-related fear on democratic commitment.
To examine whether heightened fear influences right-wing authoritarianism, nationalism, or outgroup hostility.
To assess the impact of pandemic-induced anxiety on support for discriminatory policies.

Main Methods:

An original experiment manipulating cognitive accessibility of COVID-19 fears was conducted in Hungary and Romania.
The study was implemented 1.5 years post-pandemic outbreak.
Respondent emotions, authoritarianism, nationalism, outgroup hostility, and policy preferences were measured.

Main Results:

The intervention successfully increased worry, anxiety, and fear regarding infectious diseases.
No significant secondary effects were observed on right-wing authoritarianism, nationalism, or outgroup hostility.
Preferences for discriminatory policy measures to combat COVID-19 resurgence were not affected.

Conclusions:

Heightened fear and anxiety related to COVID-19 do not automatically translate into support for illiberal attitudes or discriminatory policies.
The findings contribute to understanding the demand-side determinants of democratic backsliding and the role of emotions in political behavior.
Further research is needed to fully comprehend the complex relationship between public health crises and democratic resilience.