[Monkeypox in central africa. About two strains isolated in Central African Republic]

Two cases of pediatric Monkeypox with viral isolation are reported. These are respectively 8 and 6 years old black children, originated from the rainy forest in the south of the Central African Republic (CAR). Monkeypox is known to be endemic in this area, but is not responsible for public health concerns, 10 years after Smallpox has disappeared. Intensive previous Smallpox immunization campaigns, are considered responsibles for cross protection against Monkeypox and Tanapox. Animal reservoir is not yet identified, while interhuman transmission is weak as shown by the absence of secondary cases.