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Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds01:14

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In aromatic compounds, such as benzene, the circulation of (4n + 2) π-electrons sets up a diamagnetic or diatropic ring current around the perimeter of the molecule. This current induces a magnetic field that opposes the external field inside the ring and reinforces it on the outside. The protons in benzene are deshielded and exhibit high chemical shifts in the range 6.5–8.5 ppm. The shielding effect at the center of the ring is evident in complex aromatic molecules, such as...
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Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

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The protons in unsubstituted alkanes are strongly shielded with chemical shifts below 1.8 ppm. Methine, methylene, and methyl protons appear at approximately 1.7, 1.2 and 0.7 ppm, while the proton signal from methane appears at 0.23 ppm. An electronegative substituent, such as chlorine, withdraws the electron density from the protons, increasing their chemical shift. Progressive substitution of the hydrogens in methane by chlorine shifts the proton signals increasingly downfield, to 3.05 ppm in...
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Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion01:20

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

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Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
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According to this theory, when an individual experiences...
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Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
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Quantum core affect. Color-emotion structure of semantic atom.

Ilya A Surov1

  • 1ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Frontiers in Psychology
|October 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a minimal psychic structure using quantum theory to unify emotion and color experiences mathematically. This semantic atom of thought could bridge psychology and natural sciences.

Area of Science:

  • Integrates quantum theory with psychology and cognitive science.
  • Establishes a mathematical foundation for subjective experience.

Background:

  • Psychology lacks mathematically formalized primitives, hindering its integration with natural sciences.
  • Existing conceptual and quantitative studies lack a robust ontological basis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a minimal psychic structure using quantum theory algebra.
  • To provide an ontological basis for psychological phenomena by linking them to natural sciences.
  • To unify emotion and color experiences within a mathematical framework.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes quantum theory's qubit state space, isomorphic to emotion and color.
  • Maps colors to qubit states via geometric affinity between HSL-RGB color solids and the Bloch sphere.
Keywords:
affectatomcoloremotionmapmeaningqubitsphere

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Last Updated: Aug 25, 2025

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  • Develops a unified spherical map of emotions and colors based on subjective experience models.

    • Main Results:

    • Identifies a minimal psychic structure as a semantic atom of natural thinking.
    • Demonstrates mathematical isomorphism between emotion, color, and qubit states.
    • Creates a unified spherical map correlating subjective emotional and color experiences.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed model provides a unified ontology for inert and living nature.
    • Enables theory-based coordination of emotion, decision, and cybernetic sciences.
    • Offers a pathway to new levels of practical impact in interdisciplinary research.