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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
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ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

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In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
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ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
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ATP Synthase: Structure01:18

ATP Synthase: Structure

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ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...
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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
5.0K
Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Recording Electrical Currents across the Plasma Membrane of Mammalian Sperm Cells
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Na/K-ATPase and Regulation of Sperm Function.

Jacob C Thundathil1, Gayathri D Rajamanickam2, John P Kastelic1

  • 1Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Animal Reproduction
|October 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The alpha-4 isoform of Na/K-ATPase (ATP1A4) plays a key role in sperm function and fertility. ATP1A4 levels in sperm can predict bull fertility, offering a novel biomarker for male fertility assessments.

Keywords:
Na/K-ATPasebull spermouabain.

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Using an Extracellular Flux Analyzer to Measure Changes in Glycolysis and Oxidative Phosphorylation during Mouse Sperm Capacitation
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Medium-throughput Screening Assays for Assessment of Effects on Ca2+-Signaling and Acrosome Reaction in Human Sperm
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Standard bull breeding soundness evaluations (BBSE) do not fully predict fertility.
  • Submicroscopic sperm differences may influence fertility.
  • Understanding molecular regulation of sperm function can improve fertility prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of the alpha-4 isoform of Na/K-ATPase (ATP1A4) in bull sperm physiology and fertility.
  • Determine if ATP1A4 can serve as a biomarker for male fertility.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ATP1A4 localization and activity in fresh and frozen-thawed bull sperm.
  • Investigation of ATP1A4's role in sperm capacitation and signaling pathways.
  • Proteomic analysis to identify ATP1A4 interacting proteins.
  • Correlation of ATP1A4 content and activity with bull fertility.

Main Results:

  • ATP1A4 is present in specialized sperm plasma membrane microdomains and activates signaling molecules during capacitation.
  • Bovine sperm translate ATP1A4 mRNA during capacitation.
  • ATP1A4 interacts with plakoglobin in the equatorial segment, suggesting a role in sperm-oolemma fusion.
  • Higher ATP1A4 content and activity in frozen-thawed sperm correlate with higher fertility in bulls.
  • ATP1A4 influences ROS, calcium, actin polymerization, and tyrosine phosphorylation in post-thaw sperm.

Conclusions:

  • ATP1A4 has unique roles in regulating sperm motility, capacitation, and fusion.
  • ATP1A4 content and activity are potential biomarkers for predicting bull fertility.
  • Na/K-ATPase isoforms offer novel avenues for evidence-based male fertility assessments.