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The Association between Allergic Rhinitis and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cong Xu1,2,3, He Zhao1,2,3, Yuwan Song2,3

  • 1The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China.

International Journal of Clinical Practice
|October 17, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Allergic rhinitis (AR) may protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Patients with AR were less likely to experience severe COVID-19 or require hospitalization, suggesting a protective role.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Conflicting findings exist on the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and allergic rhinitis (AR).
  • Limited data are available on AR prevalence in COVID-19 patients.
  • The role of AR as a harmful or protective factor in COVID-19 remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the relationship between COVID-19 and allergic rhinitis.
  • To determine if AR influences COVID-19 severity or hospitalization rates.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases (January 2020 - January 2022).
  • Inclusion of studies reporting epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and AR incidence.
  • Exclusion of letters, case reports, reviews, non-English, and non-full-text articles.
  • Meta-analysis of pooled data from nine selected studies.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of AR in COVID-19 patients was 0.13 (95% CI 0.04-0.25).
  • COVID-19 patients with AR showed a trend towards less severe disease (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.52-1.18).
  • Significantly lower hospitalization rates were observed in COVID-19 patients with AR (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.02-2.67).

Conclusions:

  • Allergic rhinitis appears to be a protective factor in COVID-19 patients.
  • AR may reduce the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes and hospitalization.
Abstract

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