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Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...

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Isolation of Chondrocytes and Chondroprogenitors Using Fibronectin Adhesion and Migratory Assay
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Published on: October 4, 2024

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A Fresh Glimpse into Cartilage Immune Privilege.

Carissa Garrity1, Boaz Arzi2, Brian Haus3

  • 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

Cartilage
|October 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cartilage tissue engineering faces challenges due to unclear immune privilege. Further research into cartilage immunology is crucial for advancing regenerative medicine and cartilage repair treatments.

Keywords:
MHCT cellallogeniccartilage immunologyimmunological rejectiontissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Degenerative cartilage disorders are rising globally, particularly in young individuals.
  • Cartilage's limited regeneration necessitates treatments like tissue-engineered implants and osteochondral grafts.
  • Clinical success of tissue-engineered cartilage is impeded by insufficient long-term efficacy and integration data.

Approach:

  • This review critically examines existing literature on cartilage's immune privilege.
  • It analyzes evidence supporting and refuting the immune-privileged status of cartilage.
  • Comparative insights are drawn from immune privilege mechanisms in other tissues (testis, eyes, brain) and cancer.

Key Points:

  • Historically, cartilage was considered immune-privileged due to avascularity and dense extracellular matrix.
  • Clinical and animal studies present conflicting evidence regarding cartilage's true immune privilege.
  • Understanding cartilage immunology is vital for improving tissue-engineered implant applications.

Conclusions:

  • The immune privilege of cartilage is not definitively established and requires further investigation.
  • Advances in cartilage tissue engineering depend on a clearer understanding of its immunobiology.
  • Elucidating immune interactions will enhance the development of effective cartilage replacement therapies.