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Measurement of Leaf Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Conductance and Their Responses to Irradiance and Dehydration Using the Evaporative Flux Method EFM
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Anatomical adjustments of the tree hydraulic pathway decrease canopy conductance under long-term elevated CO2.

Marielle Gattmann1, Scott A M McAdam2, Benjamin Birami1

  • 1Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany.

Plant Physiology
|October 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elevated CO2 reduces transpiration in Aleppo pine by decreasing canopy conductance (gc) through anatomical changes, not ABA. These water savings are offset by increased leaf biomass, offering no drought relief.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant physiology
  • Ecology
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Reduced leaf-level transpiration under elevated CO2 (eCO2) is poorly understood.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for predicting plant responses to climate change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate stomatal, hydraulic, and morphological adjustments in Aleppo pine seedlings under eCO2.
  • To determine if eCO2-induced reductions in canopy conductance (gc) alter drought response and are reversible.
  • To identify the underlying mechanisms of these adaptations.

Main Methods:

  • Long-term experiment with Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) seedlings grown under eCO2 (860 ppm) and ambient CO2 (aCO2; 410 ppm).
  • Assessment of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) levels, stomatal and leaf morphology, xylem structure, hydraulic efficiency, and safety.
  • Exposure of eCO2 seedlings to decreasing CO2 concentrations to test reversibility.

Main Results:

  • eCO2 caused a 55% reduction in leaf-level gc, independent of ABA and not reversible under low CO2.
  • Increased stomatal density (+18%) and vein-to-epidermis distance (+65%) were observed.
  • Xylem adjustments included smaller conduits (-8%) and lower conduit lumen fraction (-11%), reducing specific (-19%) and leaf-specific conductivity (-34%).

Conclusions:

  • Reductions in gc under eCO2 are linked to anatomical adjustments and decreased hydraulic conductivity.
  • These water-saving adaptations were largely negated by increased leaf biomass.
  • No alleviation of drought stress is expected in a high CO2 atmosphere due to these combined effects.