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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

32
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
32
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

37
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
37

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Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
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Protective role for C3aR in experimental chronic pyelonephritis.

Shu-Juan Zhao1, Kun-Yi Wu1, Xiao-Yun Min1

  • 1Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|October 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The complement component 3a receptor (C3aR) protects against chronic kidney infection. Activating C3aR may offer a new therapy for chronic pyelonephritis caused by E. coli.

Keywords:
C3aRchronic inflammationchronic pyelonephritispersistent infectionphagocytosisrenal fibrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • The complement component 3a receptor (C3aR) is implicated in host defense and disease.
  • Its role in chronic bacterial infections remains largely uncharacterized.
  • Previous studies indicate C3aR is protective in acute bacterial infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of C3aR in experimental chronic pyelonephritis.
  • To determine if C3aR deficiency exacerbates kidney infection pathology.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of C3aR modulation in chronic infection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized global C3aR deficient (C3ar-/-) and myeloid C3aR deficient (Lyz2-C3ar-/-) mice.
  • Infected mice with uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strain IH11128.
  • Assessed renal bacterial load, histological lesions, apoptosis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix deposition.
  • Evaluated macrophage phagocytosis of UPEC.
  • Administered a C3aR agonist to assess therapeutic effects.

Main Results:

  • C3aR deficiency led to increased renal bacterial load, exacerbated histological damage, and heightened inflammation and matrix deposition.
  • Myeloid C3aR played a significant role in C3aR-mediated protection.
  • C3aR-/- macrophages showed impaired UPEC phagocytosis.
  • C3aR agonist treatment reduced disease severity in experimental chronic pyelonephritis.

Conclusions:

  • C3aR is protective against experimental chronic pyelonephritis.
  • Macrophage C3aR is crucial for this protective effect.
  • C3aR is essential for macrophage phagocytosis of UPEC.
  • C3aR activation presents a potential therapeutic strategy for chronic infections.