Health service utilization by people experiencing homelessness and engaging with community paramedics: a pre-post...

To compare health service utilization of patients interacting with a mobile integrated health care program consisting of advanced care paramedics delivering community paramedic care to people experiencing homelessness before and after their initial visit.

ED visits, physician claims, and pharmaceutical dispensations were compared in the year prior to and in the year following the initial community paramedic visit. Administrative databases were linked and utilization rates were calculated and analyzed between periods in this pre-post cohort study.

The 1360 community paramedic patients included in this study had no significant change in ED visits (IRR: 1.02) following their initial visit. There were 17,699 ED visits in the pre-period and 18,398 visits in the post-period. There was an observed increase in rates of primary care physician claims (IRR 1.22) and pharmaceutical dispensations from community pharmacies (IRR 1.04). Patients who did not have pharmaceutical dispensations and those without physician claims in the pre-period were significantly less likely to not access these services in the post-period.

In the year following the initial community paramedic visit there were small but significant increases in community-based care utilization of people experiencing homelessness. These data suggest that the continued development and implementation of paramedics as part of an interdisciplinary care team can increase access to care for a traditionally underserved population with complex health needs. Patients would likely benefit from the integration of community paramedics in community-based management that aim to improve access to care following ED visits.