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Haemodialysis catheters - a review of design and function

Julian Yaxley1,2,3

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Cairns Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.

Expert Review of Medical Devices
|October 17, 2022
PubMed

Insights

This review covers hemodialysis (HD) catheter design, including materials, tip geometry, and lumen shape. Proper insertion and maintenance are crucial for effective dialysis access, despite limited comparative trials.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Vascular Access

Background:

  • Hemodialysis (HD) catheters are essential for dialysis access.
  • Understanding catheter design principles is vital for healthcare professionals.
  • Limited comparative clinical trials exist for available HD catheter types.

Approach:

  • This review details common hemodialysis catheter characteristics.
  • It discusses practical relevance of materials, surface coatings, tip geometry, side holes, and lumen shape.
  • Focus is on design principles informing clinical judgment.

Key Points:

  • Material and surface coatings influence biocompatibility and infection risk.
  • Tip geometry and side hole design affect flow dynamics and recirculation.
  • Lumen cross-sectional shape impacts flow efficiency and thrombus formation.

Conclusions:

  • Catheter selection relies on operator discretion and clinical experience.
  • Theoretical design principles should guide, but not solely dictate, device choice.
  • Emphasis on meticulous catheter insertion and maintenance is paramount for successful hemodialysis access.
Abstract

Keywords:
Catheterdesignhemodialysislumentechnologytip

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