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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Color in Coordination Complexes
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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High spin Fe(III)-doped nanostructures as T1 MR imaging probes.

Mauro Botta1, Carlos F G C Geraldes2,3, Lorenzo Tei1

  • 1Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology
|October 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Iron(III)-based nanoparticles show promise as T1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging contrast agents, offering a safer, biocompatible alternative to Gadolinium. Research explores various nanostructures for enhanced diagnostic and theranostic applications.

Keywords:
contrast agentsiron(III)-based nanostructuresmagnetic resonance imagingmultifunctional nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Diagnostic Tools
  • In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging

Background:

  • Gadolinium-based contrast agents face scrutiny, driving research into alternatives.
  • Iron(III) offers favorable magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and a better toxicity profile.
  • Nanosized contrast agents are crucial for advanced diagnostic and theranostic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review Fe(III)-based nanostructures as T1 MRI contrast agents.
  • To analyze opportunities for optimizing relaxivity and contrast enhancement.
  • To assess Fe(III) nanoparticles as alternatives to Gd(III) systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of nanoparticles including polymer-based, melanin-like, polycatechol, mixed metal (Fe/Gd, Fe/Au), and perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions.
  • Analysis of studies from the past decade focusing on Fe(III) nanostructures.
  • Exclusion of superparamagnetic iron oxides used for T2 imaging.

Main Results:

  • Diverse Fe(III)-based nanostructures have been developed for in vivo applications.
  • Fe(III) nanoparticles present opportunities for improved relaxivity and MR contrast.
  • Fe(III) shows potential to rival Gd(III)-based systems in efficacy and safety.

Conclusions:

  • Fe(III)-doped nanoparticles are a promising next-generation MRI contrast agent.
  • These agents offer improved biocompatibility and toxicity profiles.
  • Further optimization could lead to widespread clinical adoption for diagnostics and theranostics.