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Welder's Anthrax: A Tale of 2 Cases
Katherine Hendricks1, Roosecelis Brasil Martines1, Hannah Bielamowicz2
1Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Summary
Welders can develop severe pneumonia from Bacillus cereus group infections that mimic anthrax. Early diagnosis and treatment, potentially including antitoxin, are crucial for these Bacillus cereus infections.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Occupational Health
Background:
- Bacillus anthracis is the known cause of anthrax.
- Anthrax-like illness has been observed in metal workers.
- Bacillus cereus group species can harbor virulence genes.
Observation:
- Two recent cases of severe pneumonia in welders were reported.
- These welders had Bacillus cereus group infections.
- The infections produced anthrax toxins.
Findings:
- Bacillus cereus group infections can cause severe pneumonia in welders.
- These infections possess anthrax toxin-producing genes (pXO1).
- Potential risk factors for infection were discussed.
Implications:
- Welders and metal workers are at risk for anthrax-like illness.
- Diagnosis should consider Bacillus cereus group in addition to Bacillus anthracis.
- Antitoxin therapy may be a viable treatment option.
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