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Lectin binding by resting and reactive microglia.

W J Streit, G W Kreutzberg

    Journal of Neurocytology
    |April 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 conjugates specifically visualize microglia in the rat central nervous system (CNS). This lectin histochemistry reveals galactose-containing glycoconjugates on microglia, especially reactive cells after facial nerve injury.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Histochemistry
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Microglia are key immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS).
    • Specific markers are needed to identify and study microglial responses.
    • Galactose-containing glycoconjugates on cell surfaces are potential markers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a specific histochemical reagent for visualizing microglial cells in the rat CNS.
    • To investigate the presence and localization of galactose-containing glycoconjugates on microglia.
    • To examine microglial reactions to facial nerve axotomy using lectin histochemistry.

    Main Methods:

    • Conjugation of Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (GSI-B4) with horseradish peroxidase (HRP).
    • Histochemical staining of rat CNS tissue sections (light and ultrastructural microscopy).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Double labeling with GSI-B4 lectin histochemistry and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining.

    • Main Results:

    • GSI-B4 conjugates specifically stained resident microglia throughout the rat brainstem and cerebellum.
    • A rapid accumulation of lectin-reactive microglia was observed in the facial nucleus following facial nerve axotomy.
    • Ultrastructural analysis localized the reaction product to microglial plasma membranes and intracytoplasmic membranes.
    • Terminal alpha-D-galactose residues were identified on membrane-associated glycoconjugates of microglia, but not other glial cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 is a specific histochemical marker for rat microglia.
    • Microglia possess unique membrane-associated glycoconjugates containing terminal alpha-D-galactose residues.
    • These glycoconjugates are indicative of microglial activation, particularly in response to neuronal injury.