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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
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Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines.
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Color-selective three-dimensional polarization structures.

Yuttana Intaravanne1, Ruoxing Wang2, Hammad Ahmed1

  • 1Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.

Light, Science & Applications
|October 17, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel metasurface capable of generating complex 3D light polarization structures. By tuning the incident light

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Light polarization is a crucial property in optics with applications in imaging, displays, and particle manipulation.
  • Conventional polarization optics are limited to 2D structures, hindering the development of advanced optical devices.
  • Metasurfaces, ultrathin planar nanostructures, offer promising capabilities for manipulating light polarization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a single metasurface for creating color-selective three-dimensional (3D) polarization structures.
  • To achieve unprecedented control over polarization in 3D space by integrating color information.

Main Methods:

  • Design of geometric metasurfaces utilizing color and phase multiplexing principles.
  • Implementation of polarization rotation techniques to create diverse 3D polarization knots.
  • Experimental validation of the metasurface's ability to generate wavelength-dependent 3D polarization structures.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of a single metasurface generating color-selective 3D polarization structures.
  • Creation of various 3D polarization knots, including complex polarization topologies.
  • Achieved distinct 3D polarization states within the same spatial region by varying incident wavelengths.

Conclusions:

  • The developed metasurface provides a powerful platform for generating intricate 3D polarization states with color selectivity.
  • This breakthrough offers advanced polarization control in 3D space, enabling new functionalities.
  • Potential applications include vector beam generation, virtual reality, volumetric displays, and anti-counterfeiting technologies.