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Type A behavior, achievement striving, and a dysfunctional self-evaluation system.

C H Ward, R M Eisler

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |August 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Type A individuals set high goals but struggle to achieve them, leading to low self-evaluation and increased psychological distress. This pattern highlights potential health risks associated with excessive achievement striving.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Behavioral Science
    • Health Psychology

    Background:

    • The Type A behavior pattern is linked to achievement striving.
    • Understanding the psychological mechanisms is crucial for health outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the relationship between Type A achievement striving, goal achievement, self-evaluation, and psychological distress.
    • To investigate the role of unrealistic performance standards in negative psychological states.

    Main Methods:

    • Two experiments involving general information tests were conducted.
    • Subjects' achievement striving, goal achievement, self-evaluation, and psychological state were assessed.
    • Pre- and post-experiment self-report questionnaires measured psychological state.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Main Results:

    • Type A individuals tend to set goals exceeding performance, resulting in a low probability of achievement.
    • Their chosen achievement strategy is associated with low self-evaluation of performance.
    • Failure to achieve personal goals correlates with increased psychological distress.

    Conclusions:

    • Unrealistically high standards and unmet goals may trigger negative psychological states in Type A individuals.
    • Excessive achievement striving can be a motivational factor but may lead to pathogenic consequences via misregulation of achievement expectancy and evaluation.