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Occupational rhinitis caused by hypersensitivity to black pepper.

Aleksandar Perić1, Jelena Sotirović1, Ljiljana Jovančević2,3

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Black pepper dust exposure can cause allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis, leading to inflammatory nasal polyps in susceptible workers. Symptoms resolved after ceasing exposure, indicating a work-related cause.

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Occupational Health
  • Otorhinolaryngology

Background:

  • Allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa is rarely associated with black pepper (Piper nigrum).
  • Occupational exposure to airborne substances can trigger respiratory and sinus conditions.

Observation:

  • A 52-year-old female worker with 10 years of black pepper dust exposure presented with allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis.
  • Symptoms included nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea, and reduced sense of smell.
  • Clinical examination revealed bilateral polypoid lesions on the middle turbinate.

Findings:

  • Histopathological examination post-surgery confirmed inflammatory nasal polyps.
  • Elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies specific to black pepper indicated work-related sensitization.
  • Absence of exposure led to undetectable circulating antibodies within one year.

Implications:

  • Occupational exposure to black pepper dust can be a causative factor for inflammatory nasal polyps.
  • Identifying specific allergens and monitoring antibody levels are crucial for diagnosing work-related sinonasal diseases.
  • Preventive measures and workplace changes are essential for managing occupational allergies.