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Gastrulation

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

Published on: July 10, 2016

Once upon a dish: the next frontier in engineering multicellular systems.

Meritxell Huch¹, Mina Gouti²

¹The Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany.

Development (Cambridge, England)

|October 18, 2022

Summary

The Engineering Multicellular Systems meeting highlighted how organoid technologies advance understanding of early development and organ function. These systems offer applications in tissue engineering, disease modeling, and drug screening.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Area of Science:

Multicellular systems engineering
Developmental biology
Systems biology

Background:

The European Molecular Biology Laboratory and Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia convened experts in June 2022.
The meeting focused on advancements in organoid technologies, engineering, and mechanobiology.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss how recent breakthroughs enhance understanding of early morphogenesis, organogenesis, and organ function.
To explore applications in tissue engineering, disease modeling, and drug screening.

Main Methods:

Integration of stem cell biology, systems biology, physics, and engineering.
Discussion of cutting-edge organoid technologies and mechanobiology principles.

Main Results:

Recent breakthroughs are significantly boosting the understanding of fundamental biological processes.
Organoid technologies show promise for practical applications in regenerative medicine and pharmacology.

Conclusions:

Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for advancing multicellular systems engineering.
The field holds significant potential for improving human health through novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.