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Related Concept Videos

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro
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Stem cell-based models of early mammalian development.

Aidan H Terhune1, Jeyoon Bok1, Shiyu Sun1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|October 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Scientists use human stem cells to create embryo models, mimicking early development stages for research. These models offer insights into human embryogenesis, overcoming previous ethical and practical barriers.

Keywords:
BlastoidEmbryogenesisEmbryoidGastruloidOrganogenesisStem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Human Embryogenesis

Background:

  • Human embryonic development is complex and difficult to study directly due to ethical and practical constraints.
  • Pluripotent stem cells share similarities with early embryonic cells, enabling the recapitulation of developmental events in vitro.
  • Previous research has utilized murine and human stem cells to model specific stages of mammalian development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and examine various stem cell-based embryo models.
  • To understand how these models recapitulate early mammalian development, from pre-implantation to organogenesis.
  • To discuss the applications and future potential of these in vitro developmental models.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging pluripotent stem cells (murine and human) to create in vitro models.
  • Developing models that mimic key embryonic events and stages.
  • Analyzing a wide variety of stem cell-based embryo models.

Main Results:

  • Stem cell-based models successfully recapitulate various stages of early mammalian development.
  • These models allow for the study of pre-implantation development through to early organogenesis.
  • A diverse range of models have been developed, showcasing advancements in the field.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell-derived embryo models are invaluable tools for studying human development.
  • These models overcome ethical and practical limitations associated with traditional research methods.
  • Future advancements in stem cell technology promise further breakthroughs in understanding embryogenesis.