Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

132
Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
132
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

5.6K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
5.6K
Bioequivalence: Overview01:16

Bioequivalence: Overview

1.2K
Pharmaceutical equivalents, by definition, are drug products with the same active ingredient in the same quantities, encapsulated in identical dosage forms, and intended for the same administration routes. These pharmaceutical equivalents are deemed bioequivalent if the bioavailability of the active entity in the drug preparations is similar. Moreover, pharmaceutical equivalents demonstrating bioequivalence are also regarded as therapeutically equivalent. This means that when used as directed,...
1.2K
Estimation of the Physical Quantities01:05

Estimation of the Physical Quantities

4.9K
On many occasions, physicists, other scientists, and engineers need to make estimates of a particular quantity. These are sometimes referred to as guesstimates, order-of-magnitude approximations, back-of-the-envelope calculations, or Fermi calculations. The physicist Enrico Fermi was famous for his ability to estimate various kinds of data with surprising precision. Estimating does not mean guessing a number or a formula at random. Instead, estimation means using prior experience and sound...
4.9K
Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation01:15

Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation

1.1K
The plasma drug concentration-time curve is a crucial tool in pharmacokinetics, representing the drug's concentration in plasma at different time intervals post-administration. This curve illustrates the drug's journey from absorption into the systemic circulation, distribution to body tissues, and eventual elimination through excretion or biotransformation.
Two pivotal parameters are the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and the minimum toxic concentration (MTC). The MEC is the...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Measuring health-related quality of life and well-being in adults with fecal incontinence: a comparative psychometric evaluation.

Health and quality of life outcomes·2026
Same author

From procurement to disposal: a framework for an activity-based cost analysis of reusable and disposable trocars in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Surgical endoscopy·2026
Same author

The EQ-5D-5L valuation study in Nigeria.

Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation·2026
Same author

Exploring Perceived Interactions between EQ-5D-5L and Bolt-ons Using Composite Time-Tradeoff Valuations: A Qualitative Study.

Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·2026
Same author

Cost-effectiveness of extracorporeal CPR for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a trial-based Markov model with a lifetime horizon.

European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care·2026
Same author

Gender-dependent preferences of medical professionals in treatment choices for irritable bowel syndrome: results from an exploratory study.

BMC gastroenterology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 25, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

790

In a Child's Shoes: Composite Time Trade-Off Valuations for EQ-5D-Y-3L with Different Proxy Perspectives.

Stefan A Lipman1, Brigitte A B Essers2,3, Aureliano P Finch4

  • 1Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Lipman@eshpm.eur.nl.

Pharmacoeconomics
|October 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Adults valuing child health states differently based on perspective. Proxy 2 (child’s own view) resulted in lower valuations for severe states and less response variation compared to proxy 1 (adult’s view).

More Related Videos

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

15.5K
Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 25, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

790
Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

15.5K
Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Pediatric Health Outcomes
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Standard valuation of child health states uses adult proxies (proxy 1).
  • The perspective of adults considering a child's own decision-making (proxy 2) is an alternative.
  • The use of proxy 1 has been debated in health economics research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare valuation outcomes, dispersion, and response patterns between two proxy perspectives for the EQ-5D-Y-3L.
  • To investigate differences between adults valuing health states for a child (proxy 1) versus considering what a child would choose (proxy 2).

Main Methods:

  • Conducted 402 composite time trade-off interviews using the EQ-5D-Y-3L protocol.
  • Randomly assigned respondents to either proxy 1 or proxy 2 perspective for valuing health states.
  • Each respondent valued multiple health states from their assigned perspective and one from the alternative.

Main Results:

  • Proxy 2 yielded lower valuations (approx. 0.2 difference) for health states involving significant child pain and distress compared to proxy 1.
  • Within-subject variation across health states was reduced with proxy 2.
  • Response patterns indicated less data clustering with proxy 2, suggesting more distinct valuations.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic differences exist between proxy 1 and proxy 2 in valuing child health states.
  • These findings support further qualitative research into proxy perspectives.
  • The study contributes to normative discussions on child and adolescent health valuation.