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Wind imaging using simultaneous fringe sampling with field-widened Michelson interferometers.

Samuel K Kristoffersen, William E Ward, Jeffery Langille

    Applied Optics
    |October 18, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents the first laboratory success in imaging winds using simultaneous fringe imaging, overcoming limitations of older methods for airglow wind measurements. This breakthrough enables more accurate wind mapping from the ground and in space.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric physics and remote sensing.
    • Optical interferometry for geophysical fluid dynamics.

    Background:

    • Accurate wind imaging is crucial for understanding atmospheric dynamics, particularly gravity waves.
    • Previous methods using sequential fringe sampling suffered from aliasing effects due to irradiance variations.
    • A long-standing goal in airglow wind imaging was to develop a simultaneous fringe imaging technique.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the first laboratory implementation of simultaneous fringe imaging for wind measurements.
    • To detail the instrument characteristics, characterization, and analysis algorithms for this novel technique.
    • To validate the approach for ground-based and future satellite-based airglow wind measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a field-widened Michelson interferometer with phase steps deposited on a mirror's quadrants.
    • Developed an optical system to simultaneously produce four phase-shifted images of the target scene.
    • Employed analysis algorithms tailored for this specific interferometer type and simultaneous imaging approach.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully demonstrated laboratory implementation of simultaneous fringe imaging for wind measurement.
    • The technique effectively avoids aliasing issues inherent in sequential sampling methods.
    • The instrument's throughput supports necessary spatial resolutions and temporal cadences for gravity wave imaging.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed simultaneous fringe imaging technique is a significant advancement for airglow wind measurements.
    • This method overcomes previous limitations and offers improved accuracy.
    • The technique is validated for ground-based observations and applicable to future space-based wind measurement instruments on Earth and Mars.