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    This study validates the pupil-modulated point-diffraction interferometer (m-PDI) for high-contrast adaptive optics (AO) systems. Experiments confirm m-PDI

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    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy and Astrophysics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Exoplanet Detection

    Background:

    • Direct exoplanet detection and imaging necessitate advanced high-contrast adaptive optics (AO) systems.
    • Accurate correction and calibration of quasi-static aberrations are critical for AO system performance.
    • The pupil-modulated point-diffraction interferometer (m-PDI) was previously introduced as a solution for aberration calibration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally validate the concept and performance of the pupil-modulated point-diffraction interferometer (m-PDI).
    • To assess the accuracy, dynamic range, precision, and completeness of the m-PDI system.
    • To evaluate m-PDI performance under both monochromatic and polychromatic light conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Characterized instrument accuracy and dynamic range by measuring the spatial transfer function across all spatial frequencies and amplitudes.
    • Closed an adaptive optics (AO) control loop using visible monochromatic light to calibrate systematic bias, testing precision and completeness.
    • Ran the AO control loop with polychromatic light (77 nm FWHM around R-band) to assess performance under broadband conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a residual error of 7.7 nm root mean square (rms) in a central pupil region (72% of total radius) during monochromatic testing.
    • Demonstrated high precision and completeness in aberration calibration using the AO control loop.
    • Observed no performance degradation with polychromatic light, maintaining a final Strehl ratio greater than 0.7.

    Conclusions:

    • The pupil-modulated point-diffraction interferometer (m-PDI) is a validated and effective tool for calibrating aberrations in high-contrast AO systems.
    • m-PDI demonstrates robust performance across a range of spatial frequencies, amplitudes, and light conditions (monochromatic and polychromatic).
    • The system's ability to achieve high Strehl ratios makes it suitable for exoplanet detection and imaging applications.