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    This study introduces an optimized air refractive index compensation method for dual-frequency laser interferometers. The improved method significantly enhances measurement accuracy by adapting to environmental conditions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Metrology
    • Optical Engineering
    • Environmental Sensing

    Background:

    • Dual-frequency laser interferometers offer high accuracy and speed but are sensitive to environmental factors affecting laser wavelength.
    • Accurate measurement relies on correcting the air refractive index, which fluctuates with environmental conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce an improved air refractive index compensation method for dual-frequency laser interferometers.
    • To enhance the measurement accuracy and adaptability of interferometers across various environmental conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • An improved Edlen empirical formula was developed for air refractive index compensation.
    • A particle swarm optimization algorithm was employed to dynamically adjust the compensation model online.
    • The optimized model adapts to changing environmental conditions for improved compensation.

    Main Results:

    • The unoptimized Edlen formula reduced root mean square error by 72.1%–79.3% under different optical path lengths.
    • The optimized Edlen formula further reduced root mean square error by 90.7%–91.9%.
    • The optimized method demonstrated an average compensation improvement of approximately 20%.

    Conclusions:

    • The particle swarm optimization-based Edlen formula significantly improves air refractive index compensation for laser interferometers.
    • This enhanced method leads to more reliable and accurate measurements in dynamic environments.
    • The optimized approach offers a substantial advancement in precision metrology applications.