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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing.

Samantha Wellington Miranda1, Kyle L Asfahl1, Ajai A Dandekar1,2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses quorum sensing (QS) to coordinate behaviors and virulence. This chapter reviews QS discovery, its role in virulence and ecology, and strategies to inhibit this bacterial communication system.

Keywords:
Acyl-homoserine lactoneCooperationLasRPqsRQuinoloneQuorum inhibitionRhlRSociomicrobiology

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial communication
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa employs quorum sensing (QS) for cell-to-cell communication.
  • QS regulates bacterial population density and coordinated behaviors.
  • The P. aeruginosa QS system involves acyl-homoserine lactone and quinolone signaling circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and history of QS systems in P. aeruginosa.
  • To discuss the relationship between QS, virulence, and bacterial ecology.
  • To explore potential strategies for inhibiting P. aeruginosa QS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing research.
  • Analysis of QS regulatory networks and virulence factor expression.
  • Exploration of anti-QS therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • QS systems in P. aeruginosa control hundreds of genes, including those for virulence factors.
  • P. aeruginosa serves as a model organism for studying bacterial QS and group behaviors.
  • QS is integral to the virulence and ecological adaptability of P. aeruginosa.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding P. aeruginosa QS is crucial for combating infections.
  • Inhibiting QS presents a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention.
  • Future research should focus on further elucidating QS mechanisms and developing novel anti-QS strategies.