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Related Concept Videos

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas.

Pablo Laborda1, Sara Hernando-Amado1, José Luis Martínez2

  • 1Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 18, 2022
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Summary

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a resilient pathogen causing infections, particularly in hospitals and with chronic diseases. Its ability to resist antibiotics through intrinsic and acquired mechanisms, including biofilms, poses significant treatment challenges.

Keywords:
Antibiotic resistanceBactericidal antibioticsBiofilmsChronic infectionsESKAPEMultidrug efflux pumps

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant nosocomial pathogen and a prevalent cause of chronic infections in cystic fibrosis and COPD patients.
  • Its success in diverse environments is attributed to metabolic versatility, robustness, and a wide array of virulence factors.
  • Effective infection control necessitates understanding P. aeruginosa's strategies for evading antibiotic action.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted mechanisms by which Pseudomonas aeruginosa achieves antibiotic resistance.
  • To highlight the role of intrinsic resistance, acquired resistance, transient resistance, and biofilms in P. aeruginosa infections.
  • To provide insights into the challenges posed by P. aeruginosa to current antibiotic therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of P. aeruginosa's genomic features, including genes encoding multidrug efflux pumps and antibiotic-inactivating enzymes.
  • Investigation of intrinsic resistance mechanisms related to reduced cellular envelope permeability.
  • Examination of evolutionary pathways to antibiotic resistance via mutations and gene acquisition.
  • Study of transient resistance induced by environmental factors and the role of tolerant cells.
  • Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility in P. aeruginosa biofilms.

Main Results:

  • P. aeruginosa exhibits intrinsic resistance due to reduced permeability and active efflux/inactivation systems.
  • The pathogen evolves resistance through spontaneous mutations and horizontal gene transfer.
  • Transient resistance and tolerant cell populations contribute to antibiotic evasion.
  • Biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa is associated with significantly reduced antibiotic susceptibility and treatment recalcitrance.

Conclusions:

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa employs a combination of intrinsic, acquired, and transient resistance mechanisms, alongside biofilm formation, to evade antibiotic treatment.
  • Understanding these diverse resistance strategies is crucial for developing effective therapies against P. aeruginosa infections.
  • The pathogen's adaptability underscores the urgent need for novel approaches to combat antimicrobial resistance.