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Related Concept Videos

Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

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Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
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Anatomical Positions01:11

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In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Structural Classification of Joints01:20

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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

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Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
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A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 25, 2025

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb
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Classification of body postures using smart workwear.

Christian Lins1, Andreas Hein2

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany. christian.lins@haw-hamburg.de.

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
|October 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Smart workwear with inertial sensors can detect harmful postures, aiding in preventing musculoskeletal disorders. Evolutionary trained classifiers in smart clothing outperform neural networks for posture analysis.

Keywords:
Inertial sensorsNeuroevolutionNon-neutral posturesWork-related musculoskeletal disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Ergonomics and Occupational Health
  • Wearable Technology
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Physically demanding jobs pose risks to musculoskeletal health despite automation.
  • Accurate assessment of work postures and movements is crucial for effective prevention strategies.
  • Understanding biomechanical load is key to mitigating work-related injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of smart workwear in detecting harmful occupational postures.
  • To develop and validate a posture classification system using wearable sensors.
  • To compare the performance of different machine learning algorithms for posture analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A prototype smart workwear system with 15 inertial sensors was utilized.
  • Reference body postures were recorded from 20 subjects.
  • An evolutionary training algorithm was employed to develop a posture classifier based on the Ovako Working Posture Analysing System (OWAS).

Main Results:

  • Over 111,000 posture instances were analyzed for classifier training.
  • Smart workwear demonstrated capability in detecting hazardous postures across the back, arms, and legs.
  • The evolutionary trained classifier achieved superior detection rates compared to a TensorFlow-trained neural network.

Conclusions:

  • Smart workwear shows promise as a tool for assessing risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
  • The developed system can contribute to targeted preventive measures in physically demanding occupations.
  • Further research is needed to address identified sources of error and enhance detection accuracy.