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Cavity-resonator integrated bi-atom grating coupler for enhanced second-harmonic generation.

Anne-Laure Fehrembach, Evgueni Popov, Elizabeth Hemsley

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    Summary

    We designed novel grating couplers (GC) using a bi-atom pattern for efficient second-harmonic generation. These structures achieve high Q-factors and conversion efficiencies comparable to advanced photonic devices.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Integrated Optics

    Background:

    • Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is crucial for frequency conversion in photonics.
    • Integrated photonic devices require efficient and manufacturable light-matter interaction structures.
    • Existing grating couplers often face trade-offs between efficiency, Q-factor, and fabrication complexity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design cavity-resonator integrated grating couplers for efficient second-harmonic generation.
    • To achieve high Q-factors with a fabrication-friendly approach.
    • To demonstrate competitive conversion efficiencies for integrated photonic applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a bi-atom ridge pattern for grating coupler design.
    • Integrating grating couplers with cavity-resonators and distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR).
    • Numerical simulations to optimize parameters and evaluate performance, including conversion efficiency and transition losses.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved extremely high Q-factors (above 10^5) with the bi-atom grating coupler design.
    • Demonstrated numerical conversion efficiencies of several tenths per Watt.
    • Showcased doubled efficiencies by incorporating a phase-matching grating.
    • Minimized transition losses between grating coupler and DBR sections through careful parameter selection.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed cavity-resonator integrated grating couplers offer a promising route for efficient on-chip second-harmonic generation.
    • The bi-atom design provides a balance between high performance (high Q-factor, high efficiency) and fabrication feasibility.
    • These structures present a competitive alternative to waveguides and nano-resonators for SHG applications in integrated photonics.