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Updated: Aug 25, 2025

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Security analysis of discretized polar modulation continuous-variable quantum key distribution.

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Gaussian modulation discretization in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) impacts performance. Applying a preselection data-filtering process can mitigate these effects, achieving high transmission distances close to ideal Gaussian modulation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Quantum Cryptography
    • Optical Communications

    Background:

    • Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) uses Gaussian-modulated coherent states.
    • Finite voltage resolution in electro-optical modulators causes Gaussian modulation discretization.
    • This discretization introduces errors and limits transmission distance in CV-QKD.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally and theoretically analyze the impact of Gaussian modulation discretization on CV-QKD.
    • To propose and validate a data-filtering method (preselection) to mitigate discretization effects.
    • To quantify the achievable transmission distance with discretized polar modulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental implementation of Gaussian modulation CV-QKD with discretized polar modulation.
    • Theoretical modeling of discretization as preparation noise on ideal Gaussian states.
    • Application of a preselection data-filtering technique before state transmission.
    • Performance evaluation using homodyne and heterodyne detection.

    Main Results:

    • Discretization impact can be modeled as a multiplicative coefficient or preparation noise.
    • Preselection effectively reduces quadrature fluctuation errors caused by discretization.
    • With specific resolutions (amplitude 0.25, phase 0.02), 69 km transmission achieved (89% of ideal) with homodyne detection.
    • 55 km transmission (80% of ideal) achieved with heterodyne detection.

    Conclusions:

    • Gaussian modulation discretization is a significant factor affecting CV-QKD performance.
    • The preselection method offers a practical approach to improve CV-QKD security over longer distances despite discretization.
    • Discretized polar modulation can achieve substantial distances, approaching ideal Gaussian modulation performance.