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Epizootic necrotic enteritis in wild geese.

G Wobeser, D J Rainnie

    Journal of Wildlife Diseases
    |July 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Necrotic enteritis outbreaks in Canada geese and other species were linked to Clostridium perfringens proliferation in the small intestine. A sudden diet change to grain likely disrupted gut flora, enabling bacterial growth and toxin production.

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    Area of Science:

    • Avian pathology
    • Gastrointestinal microbiology
    • Wildlife disease ecology

    Background:

    • Outbreaks of severe necrotic enteritis affected multiple goose species in Saskatchewan and Manitoba between 1983-1985.
    • Ducks on the same lakes remained unaffected by the disease.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the cause of necrotic enteritis outbreaks in wild geese.
    • To identify the pathogen responsible for the observed intestinal lesions.

    Main Methods:

    • Necropsy and histopathological examination of affected geese.
    • Bacteriological analysis of intestinal contents to identify causative agents.

    Main Results:

    • Lesions in geese were consistent with enteritis associated with Clostridium perfringens proliferation.
    • Clostridium perfringens was found in high numbers in the affected intestinal segments.
    • No other significant pathogens were identified in the affected geese.

    Conclusions:

    • Clostridium perfringens is hypothesized to be the causative agent of necrotic enteritis in these goose populations.
    • Abrupt dietary changes to grain may disrupt intestinal microflora, promoting C. perfringens overgrowth.
    • Bacterial toxins likely cause mucosal necrosis; protease-inhibitory substances in grains may also contribute to disease pathogenesis.

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