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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Cotranscriptional RNA processing and modification in plants.

Sebastian Marquardt1, Ezequiel Petrillo2, Pablo A Manavella3

  • 1Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.

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RNA polymerases influence genome epigenetics and gene expression. This review explores the coordination between transcription and RNA processing in plants, highlighting recent advances in understanding this crosstalk.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • RNA polymerases are crucial for genome integrity and gene expression.
  • RNA processing and modification are essential for functional RNAs.
  • Historically, RNA maturation was considered post-transcriptional, but coupling is increasingly recognized.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes recent research on the interplay between transcription and RNA processing in plants.
  • It focuses on the crosstalk involving RNA Polymerase II, IV, and V.
  • The review examines both coding and noncoding RNAs.

Key Points:

  • The coordination between transcription and RNA processing is fundamental to eukaryotic gene expression.
  • Recent findings reveal significant coupling between nascent RNA processing and transcription in plants.
  • RNA Polymerase II, IV, and V activities are intricately linked with RNA maturation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the crosstalk between transcription and RNA processing is vital for comprehending genome regulation.
  • This dynamic interplay significantly impacts plant genome integrity and gene expression.
  • Further research into these coupled processes will advance our knowledge of plant biology.