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Related Concept Videos

Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

75
A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
75
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

74
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
74
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

41
A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
41
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

57
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
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Ischaemic stroke in South Asians: The BRAINS study.

Taylor Aurelius1, Ankita Maheshwari2, Gie Ken-Dror1

  • 1Institute of Cardiovascular Research Royal Holloway, University of London (ICR2UL), London, UK.

European Journal of Neurology
|October 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

South Asian populations experience ischaemic stroke significantly earlier than White British individuals. Ethnicity is a key factor in predicting early stroke onset, impacting public health strategies.

Keywords:
age onsetethnicityhealth inequalitystroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Limited research exists on stroke demographics within South Asian communities.
  • Understanding ethnic variations in stroke onset is crucial for targeted healthcare.
  • The BRAINS study investigates stroke in diverse ethnic groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the age of ischaemic stroke onset among South Asians in India (ISA), British South Asians (BSA), and White British (WB) individuals.
  • To identify ethnic differences in stroke risk factors and onset age.
  • To determine the independent predictive value of ethnicity on early stroke onset.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the international prospective BRAINS study.
  • Inclusion of 4038 patients with first-ever ischaemic stroke from the UK and India.
  • Comparison of stroke onset age and risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia) across ISA, BSA, and WB groups.

Main Results:

  • ISA and BSA groups experienced stroke 19.5 and 7.2 years earlier than WB counterparts, respectively.
  • Adjusted analysis confirmed significantly earlier stroke onset in ISA (18.9 years) and BSA (8.9 years) groups.
  • Ethnicity explained 24.7% of the variance in early stroke onset age.

Conclusions:

  • South Asian populations, both in India and the UK, suffer from significantly earlier ischaemic strokes compared to White British individuals.
  • Ethnicity is an independent predictor of early-onset ischaemic stroke.
  • Findings have critical implications for public health policy in regions with substantial South Asian populations.