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Left ventricular diastolic abnormalities in vegetarians compared with non-vegetarians.

Padmini Varadarajan1,2, Ramdas G Pai2, Gary E Fraser1,3

  • 1Loma Linda University, Medical Center, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA92350, USA.

The British Journal of Nutrition
|October 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Vegetarian diets, particularly vegan diets, are linked to improved left ventricular (LV) relaxation and fewer diastolic abnormalities, potentially reducing the risk of stage B heart failure (HF). This study highlights the benefits of plant-based eating for cardiovascular health.

Keywords:
Diastolic functionDietHeart failureLeft ventricular massStage B heart failureVegetarianism

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Vegetarian diets are associated with lower rates of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.
  • These conditions are risk factors for congestive heart failure (HF).
  • The impact of vegetarian diets on early markers of HF, specifically stage B HF, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between vegetarian dietary patterns and echocardiographic markers of stage B heart failure.
  • To compare left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in vegetarians versus non-vegetarians.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 133 older Adventist Health Study-2 cohort members (>60 years) in Southern California.
  • Dietary patterns assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).
  • Echocardiograms interpreted using standardized criteria to evaluate LV diastolic function, including mitral annular e' velocity and E/A ratio.

Main Results:

  • Vegetarians exhibited significantly greater mitral annular e' velocity (indicating better LV relaxation) compared to non-vegetarians (7.44 cm/s vs. 6.48 cm/s, P=0.011).
  • Vegans showed even greater mitral annular e' velocity (7.66 cm/s, P=0.011) and a higher E/A ratio (1.02 vs. 0.84, P=0.008) compared to non-vegetarians.
  • Non-vegetarians had higher body weight, body surface area, and prevalence of hypertension, with mediation analyses suggesting these factors partly explain the observed differences in diastolic function.

Conclusions:

  • Vegetarian diets, especially vegan diets, are associated with improved left ventricular diastolic function.
  • These findings suggest a potential role for plant-based diets in the prevention of stage B heart failure.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these associations and explore the long-term implications for HF risk and mortality.