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Updated: Aug 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Reduced Resistance Exercise Volume on Metabolic Health
Published on: December 1, 2023
Dietary protein and the glycemic index handle insulin resistance within a nutritional program for avoiding weight
Fernando Vidal-Ostos1, Omar Ramos-Lopez2, Susan A Jebb3
1Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la UNED, Bravo Murillo 39, Madrid, Spain.
Background And Aim:
The role of dietary protein and glycemic index on insulin resistance (based on TyG index) within a nutritional program for weight loss and weight maintenance was examined.
Methods:
This study analyzed 744 adults with overweight/obesity within the DIOGenes project. Patients who lost at least 8% of their initial weight (0-8 weeks) after a low-calorie diet (LCD) were randomly assigned to one of five ad libitum diets designed for weight maintenance (8-34 weeks): high/low protein (HP/LP) and high/low glycemic index (HGI/LGI), plus a control. The complete nutritional program (0-34 weeks) included both LCD plus the randomized diets intervention. The TyG index was tested as marker of body mass composition and insulin resistance.
Results:
In comparison with the LP/HGI diet, the HP/LGI diet induced a greater BMI loss (p < 0.05). ∆TyG was positively associated with resistance to BMI loss (β = 0.343, p = 0.042) during the weight maintenance stage. In patients who followed the HP/LGI diet, TyG (after LCD) correlated with greater BMI loss in the 8-34 weeks period (r = -0.256; p < 0.05) and during the 0-34 weeks intervention (r = -0.222, p < 0.05) periods. ΔTyG1 value was associated with ΔBMI2 (β = 0.932; p = 0.045) concerning the HP/LGI diet.
Conclusions:
A HP/LGI diet is beneficial not only for weight maintenance after a LCD, but is also related to IR amelioration as assessed by TyG index changes. Registration Clinical Trials NCT00390637.
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