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Wood Products

Wood Products

Wood products encompass a broad range of materials crafted from wood strands, veneers, lumber, and even waste wood-like shreds, designed for both structural and nonstructural purposes. Various specialized wood products have been developed to enhance strength, durability, and versatility in building applications.
Glue-laminated wood, often referred to as glulam, combines multiple smaller pieces of dimensional lumber using adhesives to form a single, larger piece. Cross-laminated timber consists...

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Updated: Aug 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Development and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Lignin-Based Microparticles for Enhanced Delivery of Bioflavonoids

Author Spotlight: Development and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Lignin-Based Microparticles for Enhanced Delivery of Bioflavonoids

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Multifunctional lignin-poly (lactic acid) biocomposites for packaging applications.

Esakkiammal Sudha Esakkimuthu¹, David DeVallance^1,2, Ievgen Pylypchuk³

¹InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

|October 20, 2022

Summary

Etherification improved lignin compatibility with poly (lactic acid) (PLA), enhancing mechanical properties and thermal stability. Oxypropylated lignin shows promise as a safe, functional filler for PLA in food packaging and antioxidant applications.

Keywords:

composites lignin matrix modification packaging polylactic acid polymer

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Published on: June 17, 2014

Area of Science:

Polymer Science
Materials Science
Biopolymer Engineering

Background:

Lignin, an abundant aromatic biopolymer, presents challenges as a filler in polymer blends due to processability and compatibility issues.
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer with potential applications in packaging and biomaterials.
Improving lignin's characteristics is crucial for its effective utilization in composite materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To enhance the processability and compatibility of lignin with poly (lactic acid) (PLA) through etherification.
To evaluate the impact of incorporating unmodified kraft lignin (KL) and oxypropylated kraft lignin (OPKL) into PLA on material properties.
To assess the suitability of lignin-PLA composites for food packaging and antioxidant applications.

Main Methods:

Etherification of commercial kraft lignin to produce oxypropylated kraft lignin (OPKL).
Blending of KL and OPKL with PLA at various weight percentages (1-40%) using injection molding.
Characterization of composite properties including mechanical strength, thermal stability (DSC, TGA), and migration tests.

Main Results:

Low lignin content (1-10%) generally improved mechanical strength and moduli of PLA composites.
Lignin addition enhanced thermal stability (300-350°C) and exhibited antioxidant activity.
Glass transition temperature decreased with lignin addition, while cold crystallization temperature decreased at 1-5% lignin.
Lignin-PLA composites demonstrated good stability in migration tests, below European standards.

Conclusions:

Etherification effectively improved lignin's compatibility and processability with PLA.
Oxypropylated lignin serves as a functional filler, enhancing PLA's mechanical, thermal, and antioxidant properties.
Lignin-PLA composites are suitable for safe and functional food packaging and antioxidant applications.