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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

11.7K
Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
11.7K
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

19.6K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
19.6K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

17.8K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

17.4K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 24, 2025

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
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A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

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Lipid droplets go through a (liquid crystalline) phase.

Ian A Windham1, Sarah Cohen1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|October 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Glucose restriction causes lipid droplets (LDs) to form liquid crystalline lattices. This structural change impacts how proteins interact with the surface of these fat storage organelles.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Organelle Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Lipid droplets (LDs) are crucial cellular organelles responsible for storing and transporting fats.
  • Understanding the dynamic regulation of LDs is vital for metabolic health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural changes within lipid droplets under conditions of nutrient stress.
  • To determine how these structural alterations affect protein interactions with the organelle surface.

Main Methods:

  • The study likely involved microscopy and biochemical assays to observe lipid droplet structure and protein association.
  • Experimental conditions included controlled glucose restriction in cellular models.

Main Results:

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Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy

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Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases
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Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 24, 2025

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
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A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

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Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases
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Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

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  • Glucose restriction induced the formation of liquid crystalline lattice structures within lipid droplets.
  • This internal structural reorganization altered the protein composition on the surface of lipid droplets.

    • Conclusions:

    • Lipid droplet internal structure is dynamic and responsive to nutrient availability.
    • Changes in LD internal organization, such as lattice formation, directly influence protein recruitment and cellular function.