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Japanese infants' attachment insecurity and externalizing/internalizing problems: Using strange situation and

Tomotaka Umemura¹, Sayaka Iwamoto^2,3, Hikaru Tanaka⁴

¹Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.

Infant Mental Health Journal

|October 20, 2022

Summary

Japanese infants’ attachment insecurity is linked to externalizing mental health problems, supporting attachment theory cross-culturally. Secure attachment is not significantly associated with internalizing issues in this population.

Keywords:

Bindung Fremde-Situation Kleinkinder afectividad attachement attachment externalisierende Probleme externalizing problems infantes infants internalisierende Probleme internalizing problems nourrissons problemas de externalización problemas de internalización problèmes d'externalisation problèmes d'internalisation situación extraña situation étrange strange situation التعلق ، الموقف الغريب ، المشاكل الخارجية ، المشاكل الذاتية ، الأطفال الرضع アタッチメント、ストレンジ・シチュエーション、外在化障害、内在化障害、乳幼児依恋内化问题外化问题婴儿陌生环境

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Cross-Cultural Psychology
Child Mental Health

Background:

Attachment theory posits universal infant-mother attachment patterns.
Secure attachment is linked to better mental health outcomes, while insecure attachment is associated with problems.
Existing evidence primarily comes from Western cultures, necessitating cross-cultural validation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between attachment insecurity and mental health problems in Japanese infants.
To examine if attachment security predicts externalizing and internalizing problems in a non-Western cultural context.

Main Methods:

Study involved 81 Japanese infants (average age 14.64 months).
Infant attachment security was assessed using the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) and Attachment Q-sort (AQS).
Externalizing and internalizing problems were rated by mothers and other adults concurrently and at 6-month follow-up.

Main Results:

Attachment insecurity, measured by AQS, correlated with externalizing problems concurrently and at follow-up.
Infants with insecure-resistant attachment (SSP) showed more externalizing problems than securely attached infants concurrently.
No significant association was found between attachment insecurity and internalizing problems.

Conclusions:

Findings partially support the link between attachment insecurity and mental health issues in Japanese infants.
Attachment insecurity appears specifically related to externalizing behaviors, not internalizing ones, in this cultural group.
Recommends in-home observation of infant attachment for a more holistic understanding.