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Neuroimaging in Moyamoya angiopathy: Updated review
E Filimonova1, K Ovsiannikov2, J Rzaev3
1Federal Center of Neurosurgery Novosibirsk, Nemirovich-Danchenko Str. 132/1, Novosibirsk 630087, Russia; Department of Neurosurgery, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Krasny Prospect St. 52, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia.
Abstract:
Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) is a rare condition characterized by steno-occlusion of terminal portions of the internal carotid arteries and/or their proximal branches with the formation of collateral vessels network (moyamoya vessels). These changes result in chronic ischemia of the brain parenchyma with subsequent serious cerebrovascular accidents. The prognosis of MMA could be dramatically improved if the diagnosis and assessment are prompt and accurate. It is also crucial to define the indications, optimal timing, volume, and tactics of revascularization surgery, as well as longitudinal observation after treatment. It is therefore necessary to use strict criteria for decision making, including radiological criteria. In today's world, neuroimaging is a valuable diagnostic tool that continually evolves and provides us with more and more information about structural and functional changes in different pathological conditions. However, due to MMA's rarity, its neuroimaging can be challenging. The purpose of this review is to summarize a contemporary knowledge regarding neuroimaging in patients with MMA and to discuss the main difficulties associated with visualizing this condition.
Insights
Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) is a rare cerebrovascular disease. Accurate neuroimaging is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment planning to improve patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Radiology
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) is a rare steno-occlusive condition affecting brain arteries.
- It leads to chronic ischemia and increases the risk of cerebrovascular accidents.
- Prompt diagnosis and accurate assessment are vital for improving MMA prognosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on neuroimaging in moyamoya angiopathy.
- To discuss the challenges in visualizing this rare condition.
- To highlight the importance of radiological criteria in MMA diagnosis and management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of contemporary neuroimaging techniques in MMA.
- Analysis of diagnostic challenges specific to moyamoya vessels.
- Discussion of neuroimaging findings in relation to clinical presentation and treatment.
Main Results:
- Neuroimaging is essential for diagnosing MMA and assessing its severity.
- Specific imaging patterns characterize MMA, including steno-occlusion and collateral formation.
- Challenges in MMA neuroimaging stem from its rarity and complex vascular changes.
Conclusions:
- Accurate and timely neuroimaging is critical for effective moyamoya angiopathy management.
- Standardized radiological criteria aid in diagnosis and treatment decisions.
- Continued advancements in neuroimaging enhance the visualization and understanding of MMA.
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