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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

543
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
543
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

246
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
246

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Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Cognitive profiles in pediatric unilobar vs. multilobar epilepsy.

Frederik Jan Moorhouse1, Sonia Cornell1, Lucia Gerstl1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society
|October 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Children with multilobar epilepsy have significantly lower cognitive function and earlier onset compared to those with unilobar epilepsy. This highlights a higher risk for cognitive impairment in multilobar cases.

Keywords:
CognitionFocal epilepsyMultilobar epilepsyNeuropsychologyUnilobar epilepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity in pediatric focal epilepsies.
  • The extent of the epileptogenic zone may influence cognitive outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the extent of the epileptogenic zone (unilobar vs. multilobar) and cognitive function in pediatric focal epilepsy.
  • To identify risk factors for impaired cognitive development in children with focal epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Neuropsychological testing using the German version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales was performed on 62 pediatric focal epilepsy patients.
  • Cognitive functions (full-scale IQ and subcategories) were assessed and compared between unilobar and multilobar epilepsy groups.

Main Results:

  • Patients with multilobar epilepsy (n=25) exhibited significantly lower full-scale IQ scores (77.3 ± 17.2) compared to those with unilobar epilepsy (n=37, 93.6 ± 17.7).
  • A higher proportion of multilobar epilepsy patients experienced severe cognitive impairment (47.6%) and below-average intelligence (61.9%) than unilobar patients.
  • Epilepsy onset was earlier in multilobar epilepsy (4.0 years) compared to unilobar epilepsy (7.0 years).

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric patients with multilobar epilepsy demonstrate poorer cognitive outcomes on average than those with unilobar epilepsy.
  • Findings aid in identifying children at higher risk for cognitive developmental issues.
  • Study limitations include the simplified division of epilepsy extent and lack of etiological consideration.