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Related Concept Videos

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
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Lineage Commitment

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
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Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Hematopoietic stem cells depend on HIM and HER.

David G Kent1

  • 1York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.

Experimental Hematology
|October 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation is modeled by either intrinsic (hemopoiesis engendered randomly, HER) or extrinsic (hemopoietic-inductive microenvironment, HIM) factors. The HER model suggests HSCs have inherent differences influencing outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Scientific Research Systems

Background:

  • Pioneering experiments on hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function revealed heterogeneous stem cell behavior.
  • Jim Till, Ernest McCulloch, and Lou Simminovitch proposed a stochastic model for stem cell proliferation.
  • This led to the development of two contrasting models: hemopoietic-inductive microenvironment (HIM) and hemopoiesis engendered randomly (HER).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the historical context and ongoing relevance of the HIM and HER models in stem cell biology.
  • To extend the HIM/HER metaphor to the infrastructure and systems supporting scientific research.
  • To discuss achieving a better balance between extrinsic (HIM) and intrinsic (HER) factors in scientific endeavors.

Main Methods:

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  • Review of historical scientific models related to stem cell proliferation.
  • Conceptual analysis applying the HIM/HER metaphor to research environments.
  • Discussion of strategies for optimizing research systems.

    • Main Results:

    • The debate between extrinsic (HIM) and intrinsic (HER) influences on stem cell behavior persists.
    • The HIM/HER metaphor is applicable to the support systems for scientists, influencing research outcomes.
    • A need exists to balance the support structures (HIM) with the intrinsic capabilities (HER) of researchers.

    Conclusions:

    • The intrinsic (HER) versus extrinsic (HIM) models of stem cell behavior remain a key discussion point.
    • The principles of HER and HIM can be applied to understand and improve scientific research environments.
    • Optimizing the balance between research infrastructure (HIM) and scientist-driven innovation (HER) is crucial for scientific advancement.