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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Contribution of CRISPRable DNA to human complex traits.

Ranran Zhai1,2, Chenqing Zheng1, Zhijian Yang1,2

  • 1Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

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|October 20, 2022
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CRISPR-Cas genome editing tools with GC-rich PAMs may impact regions linked to human complex traits and diseases. This study explores the connection between GC content and heritability in genome editing effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas is a versatile genome editing technology used in diverse research, including disease mechanisms and gene therapies.
  • High-throughput genetic screening via CRISPR systems is advancing research capabilities.
  • The impact of CRISPR-editable DNA segments on human complex traits and diseases remains largely unexplored due to ethical and practical constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate human genomic regions targeted by different CRISPR-Cas enzymes based on their protospacer-adjacent motifs (PAMs).
  • To determine if GC-rich PAMs in CRISPR-Cas enzymes correlate with genomic regions associated with heritability of human complex traits and diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human genomic regions associated with various CRISPR-Cas enzyme PAMs.
  • Correlation analysis between GC content in targeted genomic regions and heritability enrichment data for complex traits and diseases.

Main Results:

  • Cas enzymes utilizing GC-rich PAMs were found to more significantly interact with genomic regions exhibiting enriched heritability for human complex traits and diseases.
  • A link was established between genome-wide GC content and functional genomic elements contributing to heritability enrichment in complex human traits.

Conclusions:

  • GC content in the genome is a significant factor influencing the effects of CRISPR-Cas genome editing on heritability of complex traits.
  • This research provides a genetic overview of how high-throughput genome editing technologies may impact human complex traits and diseases.