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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

6.0K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

12.6K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
12.6K
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

4.4K
Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
4.4K
Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

19.4K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
19.4K
States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

1.2K
The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
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Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
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Work statistics and thermal phase transitions.

Ze-Zhou Zhang1, Wei Wu1

  • 1Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.

Physical Review. E
|October 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Singular behaviors in work statistics, typically seen at low temperatures, surprisingly persist at finite temperatures in quantum many-body systems. This finding reveals work statistics as a signature of thermal phase transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter theory
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Work statistics in quantum critical regimes often show singularities at low temperatures.
  • These singularities are commonly believed to disappear as temperature increases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavior of work statistics at finite temperatures.
  • To explore the connection between work statistics and thermal phase transitions in quantum systems.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the Dicke model and the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model.
  • Applied sudden quenches to their work parameters.
  • Analyzed the averaged work done at finite temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Observed nonanalytic behavior in averaged work done at finite temperatures.
  • Demonstrated that work statistics can exhibit singularities beyond low-temperature regimes.
  • Showed that these behaviors occur in both the Dicke and Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick models.

Conclusions:

  • Work statistics serve as a signature for thermal phase transitions.
  • The nonanalytic behavior of work statistics is a robust indicator of phase transitions, even at finite temperatures.
  • This challenges the conventional understanding of singularities vanishing with increasing temperature.