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The space paradox in graphic representation
Christiane Lange-Küttner1, Ximena Vinueza Chavez2
1Department of Psychology, University of Bremen, Freie Hansestadt Bremen, Germany.
Frontiers in Psychology
|October 21, 2022
Summary
Negative space drawing enhances spatial perception by focusing on empty areas. However, object-focused drawing is better for 3D representation, while negative space drawing aids in depicting object occlusion.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Art Education
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Negative space drawing focuses on the space around objects, potentially altering visual attention and spatial perception.
- This technique relates to developmental concepts of filled and empty space perception.
- Understanding how different drawing instructions impact children's spatial representation is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of negative space (NSp) drawing instruction versus visual realism (VR) instruction on spatial representation in children and adults.
- To determine the developmental emergence of negative space drawing capabilities.
- To compare the efficacy of object-based versus space-based attention for 3D drawing and occlusion depiction.
Main Methods:
- 120 participants (96 children aged 5-12, 24 adults) used a computer tablet to draw a model spacebox with cubes.
- Participants received counterbalanced Visual Realism (VR) and Negative Space (NSp) drawing instructions.
- Drawings were analyzed for spatial representation accuracy and features like occlusion depiction.
Main Results:
- Negative space (NSp) outline drawings emerged in participants aged 9 and older.
- The NSp technique positively impacted occlusion drawing by highlighting object contours.
- Visual Realism (VR) instruction enhanced 3D drawing of objects and the spacebox, suggesting object-based attention is superior for 3D representation.
Conclusions:
- Drawing in 3D is paradoxically better facilitated by object-based attention (VR), while drawing occlusion is enhanced by space-based attention (NSp).
- Visual Realism (VR) instruction unifies objects and spatial context into a global plane.
- Negative space drawing skills develop with age, improving the depiction of spatial relationships and occlusion.
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