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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Ionic Compatibilization of Polymers.

Glenn H Fredrickson1,2, Shuyi Xie2, Jerrick Edmund1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.

ACS Polymers Au
|October 21, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic bonds offer a novel approach to polymer compatibilization, improving material properties for applications like sustainable polymer alloys and organic electronics. This method utilizes electrostatic interactions for enhanced polymer blending and waste upcycling.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Most high molecular weight polymer blends are immiscible due to low entropy of mixing, leading to poor physical properties.
  • Traditional compatibilization strategies involve adding copolymers, emulsifiers, or reactive groups to form block or graft copolymers.
  • Existing methods often rely on covalent or hydrogen bonds for reactive blending.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight ionic bonds and electrostatic correlations as an underutilized tool for polymer compatibilization.
  • To explore the application of ionic compatibilization in sustainable polymer alloys, organic electronics, and solid polymer electrolytes.
  • To provide a perspective on using electrostatic interactions for plastic waste upcycling.

Main Methods:

  • Surveying the theoretical basis of ionic compatibilization.
  • Reviewing existing experimental literature on polymer blends and functional polymer materials.
  • Analyzing the role of electrostatic interactions in material design.

Main Results:

  • Ionic bonds and electrostatic correlations present a viable and underutilized alternative for polymer compatibilization.
  • This approach can tailor material properties for advanced applications.
  • Electrostatic interactions offer potential solutions for plastic waste upcycling.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic compatibilization is a promising strategy for creating advanced polymer materials.
  • Further research into electrostatic interactions can unlock new applications in recycling and electronics.
  • The study advocates for the broader adoption of ionic bonding in polymer science and engineering.