Predictive Analysis of Diabetes-Risk with Class Imbalance

Diabetes type 2 (T2DM) is a common chronic disease, increasingly leading to many complications and affecting vital organs. Hyperglycemia is the main characteristic caused by insufficient insulin secretion and poses a serious risk to human health. The objective is to construct a type-2 diabetes prediction model with high classification accuracy. Advanced machine learning and predictive model techniques are utilized to achieve cutting-edge techniques for the early diagnosis of diabetes. This paper proposes an efficient performance model to predict and classify the minority class of type-2 diabetes. The impact of oversampling and undersampling approaches to reduce the effect of an unbalanced class has been compared to classification performance algorithms. Synthetic Minority Oversampling (SMOTE) and Tomek-links techniques are applied and examined. The outcomes were then compared to the original unbalanced dataset using an artificial neural network (ANN) predictive model. The model is compared with other state-of-the-art classifiers such as support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and decision tree (DT). The tuned model had the best accuracy of 92.2%. The experimental findings clearly manifest the improvement in accuracy and evaluation metrics in terms of AUC and F1-measure using the SMOTE oversampling strategy rather than the baseline and undersampling schemes. The study recommends adopting dynamic hyperparameter optimization to further improve accuracy.