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Brain insulin resistance and cognitive function: influence of exercise
Steven K Malin1,2,3,4, Nathan R Stewart1, Andrew A Ude1
1Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|October 21, 2022
Summary
Regular exercise improves whole-body insulin sensitivity, including in the brain. This enhanced brain insulin sensitivity is crucial for weight regulation, mental health, and cognitive function, potentially combating neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Metabolic Health
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Exercise improves systemic insulin sensitivity, a benefit extending to the brain.
- Brain insulin signaling influences weight regulation, mental health, and cognition.
- Brain insulin resistance is linked to cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the relationship between brain insulin sensitivity and cognitive function.
- To emphasize the impact of exercise on brain insulin sensitivity.
- To explore underlying mechanisms linking exercise, brain insulin, and neurological health.
Main Methods:
- Review of animal and human studies.
- Analysis of exercise's effects on brain insulin sensitivity.
- Discussion of mechanistic pathways including mitochondrial function, growth factors, and neurogenesis.
Main Results:
- Exercise positively impacts brain insulin sensitivity.
- Improved brain insulin sensitivity is associated with better cognitive function and mental health.
- Mechanisms like enhanced mitochondrial function and neurogenesis mediate these benefits.
Conclusions:
- Exercise is a key modulator of brain insulin sensitivity.
- Maintaining brain insulin sensitivity through exercise may protect against cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.
- Exercise offers a potential strategy for combating metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders.
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