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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

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Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
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Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
2.0K

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Updated: Aug 24, 2025

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
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Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

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Electrolyte considerations in targeted temperature management.

Brooke Barlow1, Kaitlin Landolf2, Reid LaPlante3

  • 1Memorial Hermann Woodlands Medical Center, Shenandoah, TX, USA.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
|October 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeted temperature management (TTM) can cause electrolyte shifts. This review covers normal electrolyte balance, TTM-related changes, and management strategies for potassium, phosphate, and magnesium.

Keywords:
cardiac arrestelectrolyteshypothermiatargeted temperature management

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Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Neurocritical care
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Targeted temperature management (TTM), encompassing normothermia and therapeutic hypothermia, is a critical intervention for comatose patients post-cardiac arrest or neurological injury.
  • While beneficial, TTM poses risks due to physiological alterations, notably electrolyte imbalances, necessitating vigilant management.
  • Understanding these electrolyte shifts is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes during TTM.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on electrolyte homeostasis and its perturbations during TTM.
  • It examines the impact of electrolyte derangements on patient outcomes in TTM protocols.
  • Recommendations for monitoring and repletion of key electrolytes are provided.

Key Points:

  • Normal physiological electrolyte balance is essential for cellular function and organ perfusion.
  • TTM can induce significant shifts in potassium, phosphate, and magnesium levels.
  • Monitoring these electrolytes and implementing timely repletion strategies are vital.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of TTM requires a thorough understanding of electrolyte physiology and TTM-induced alterations.
  • Clinicians must frequently monitor electrolytes, particularly potassium, phosphate, and magnesium, in patients undergoing TTM.
  • Considering individual patient factors like renal function is paramount to mitigate risks and improve TTM efficacy.